Fire Extinguisher Training

Fire safety training, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.

Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:
1. Enough oxygen to sustain combustion.
2. Enough heat to reach ignition temperature.
3. Some fuel or combustible material.

These three elements form the fire triangle that is necessary for a fire to
burn.
Together, they produce the chemical reaction that is fire. Take away any of
these things and the fire will be extinguished.

Fire Extinguisher Training

Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning. If you use the wrong type of extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make matters worse. It is very important to understand the four different fire (fuel)classifications:

Class A: Fires in ordinary combustibles, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
 

Class B: Fires in flammable or combustible liquids, flammable gasses, greases, and similar materials.

Class C: Fires in live electrical equipment. When electrical equipment is deenergized, extinguishers for class A or B fires may be used.

Class D: Fires in certain combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium and potassium. These fires require Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents.

Objectives of Fire Safety Training

The Objectives of Fire Safety Training To provide staff with an overview of:

• Fire drills
• Fire exits
• Fire alarm/suppression system
• Fire safety equipment
• Smoke doors, Emergency generators, Fire extinguishers
• Controlling a fire
• Evacuation

Fire Drills

• Provide practice and criticism of our training and fire response
• They occur on an unannounced basis

Fire Doors

• In a fire, are their only means of escape
• Exits and corridors must be free of equipment and furniture
• Fire doors close automatically in a fire and are designed to contain the fire and smoke
• Never prop or block fire doors from closing properly

Fire Alarm System

• The alarm is activated if it detects smoke, the flow of water in irrigation pipes, or if an alarm is activated by manual pull
• Manual pull alarms are located throughout the facility and are red in color
• Alarms will continue to sound on the fire floor, and the floors above and below the fire, until silenced by security
• Flashing visual alarms are provided for the hearing impaired
• Security monitors fire alarms 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
• Sprinklers are only activated by heat.  Each sprinkler is discharged independently.

Emergency Generator System

• Supplies emergency power if normal power is disrupted
• Supplies power to emergency lighting, life support systems, exit signs and red emergency power outlets
• The emergency generators will activate and supply power within 10 seconds of a disruption

Controlling a Fire

• Pull the nearest fire alarm and call security, or your designated emergency contact (i.e., security)
• Control a fire with a fire extinguisher until the fire department arrives
• Do not endanger your own safety!
• Do not run with burning articles!
• Evacuate patients in danger and reassure patients and visitors that we are responding
• Close all doors in the area of the fire
• Move combustible items away from the fire
• Shut off unnecessary electrical equipment

When confronted with a fire, use the acronym RACE to remember the correct procedures to follow:

• Rescue those in immediate danger
• Alarm others in the area by activating the nearest fire alarm
• Confine the fire and Call security or your designated emergency contact
• Extinguish the fire if small, or Evacuate

Fire Extinguishers

Fire Extinguishers Training includes the following

• In controlling a fire with an extinguisher
• Ensure that back-up extinguishers are available
• Do not attempt to put out an overhead fire
• Extinguishers are located so you will not have to travel more than 75 feet, in any direction, to find one
• Access to fire extinguishers should remain unobstructed
• Do not re-hang partially discharged extinguishers
• Missing or discharged extinguishers should immediately be reported to the department responsible for replacing the extinguishers

Follow the acronym PASS to use a fire extinguisher:

• Pull the pin
• Aim low, at the base of the fire
• Squeeze the handle.  Stand about ten feet from the fire.
• Sweep the hose from side to side

Person on Fire

• Do not panic or run
• If possible, wrap the person in a blanket
• If a blanket is not available, roll the person over from side to side
• Keep the injured person as calm as possible

Evacuation

• Evacuation will be ordered if:
• The fire cannot be controlled, or patients, visitors and employees are in immediate danger
• Two types of evacuation:
• Lateral – Evacuation through smoke/fire barrier doors to a safe area on the same floor
• Vertical – Evacuation of all occupants on a floor to another safe floor

Preparing for Evacuation

• Dress patients to prepare for weather conditions outside
• Move bedfast patients in wheelchairs
• Move medical charts with patients and account for all patients upon departure and arrival
• Check evacuation routes in advance to ensure they are safe

Safety Precautions During Evacuation

• Evacuate beyond smoke/fire barrier doors
• Do not utilize elevators in areas directly threatened by fire
• When traveling through smoke and/or fire, remember to keep low, wrap patients in wet blankets and keep faces covered
• Do not run!
• Do not open a door into an area where a suspected fire might be.  To check doors:
• Brace your shoulder and foot against the door and slowly open it
• If smoke seeps through, close the door
• If there is no heat or smoke, proceed to evacuate
• Close all doors as you pass
• Do not allow anyone to return to the area

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